Ubuntu Basic Commands

Notice: This is to be used as a notebook and this article has no audience other than myself.

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create a directory called "first":

mkdir first

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create directories that are called "first1", "first2", "first3", and "first4":

mkdir first(1..4)

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create the first directory and its subdirectory:

mkdir -p first/second

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remove the first directory (if it's empty):

rmdir first

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remove the first directory and its subdirectory (if they're empty):

rmdir -p first/second

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remove the first directory and all of its subset:

rm -rf first

• -r : recursive
• -f : force

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create a.txt file:

touch a.txt

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create a.txt and write in it:

cat > a.txt

• use ctrl + d to save and exist

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create a.txt file and write in it until write EOF:

cat << EOF > a.txt

• EOF : End Of File, it is a standard, you can use any string.

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show content of a.txt file:

cat a.txt

• -n: with line number
• -b: without empty lines

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create a copy from a.txt that is called b.txt:

cp path_to_file/a.txt new_path/b.txt

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create a copy from dir1 directory with all its subsets in new path that is called dir2:

cp -r dir1/ new_path/dir2

• -r: recursive

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move a.txt file to another directory:

mv path_to_file/a.txt new_path/

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move dir1 directory to the new path:

mv dir1/ new_path/

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change a.txt file name to b.txt:

mv a.txt b.txt

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change dir1 directory name to dir2:

mv dir1/ dir2/

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remove a.txt in dir1 directory:

rm dir1/a.txt

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remove dir1 directory with all its subsets:

rm -r dir1/

• -r: recursive

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